The Segal Lab

Dr. Benjamin Segal

Selected Publications

  1. Segal BM. Modulation of the Innate Immune System: A Future Approach to the Treatment of Neurological Disease. Clin. Immunol. 2018;189:1-3. PMID: 29628125
  2. Segal BM, Cohen JA, Antel J. Americas Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis Forum 2017: Environmental factors, genetics and epigenetics in MS susceptibility and clinical course. Mult Scler 2018;24(1): 4-5. PMID: 29307302
  3. Giles, DA, Washnock-Schmid JM, Duncker PC, Dahlawi S, Ponath G, Pitt D, Segal BM. Myeloid cell plasticity in the evolution of central nervous system autoimmunity. Ann Neuro 2018;83(1): 131-141. PMID: 29283442
  4. Duncker PC, Stoolman JS, Huber AK, Segal BM. GM-CSF Promotes Chronic Disability in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Altering the Composition of Central Nervous System-Infiltrating Cells, but is Dispensable for Disease Induction. J Immunol 2018; 200(3): 966-973. PMID: 29288202
  5. Neal LM, Xing E, Xu J, Kolbe J, Osterholzer JJ, Segal BM, Williamson PR, Olszewski, MA. CD4+ T cells orchestrate lethal immune pathology despite fungal clearance during Cryptococcus neoformans meningoencephalitis. mBio. 2017;8(6): pii: e01415-17. PMID: 29162707
  6. Klein RS, Voskuhl R, Segal BM, Dittel BN, Lane TE, et. al. Speaking out about gender imbalance in invited speakers improves diversity. Nat. Immunol. 2017;18(5): 475-478. PMID: 28418385
  7. Dickerson EC, Davenport MS, Syed FI, Stuve O, Cohen JA, Rinker J, Goldman MD, Segal BM, Foerster BR. Effect of template reporting of brain MRIs for multiple sclerosis on report thoroughness and neurologist rated quality: results of a prospective quality improvement project. J Am Coll Radiol. 2017;14(3): 371-379.e1. PMID: 27932248
  8. Cravens PD, Hussain RZ, Miller-Little WA, Ben L, Segal BM, Herndon E, Stuve O. IL-12/IL-23p40 Is Highly Expressed in Secondary Lymphoid Organs and the CNS during All Stages of EAE, but Its Deletion Does Not Affect Disease Perpetuation. PLOS ONE 2016; 11(10): e0165248. PMID: 27780253
  9. Douglas JN, Gardner LA, Salapa HE, Lalor SJ, Lee S, Segal BM, Sawchenko PE, Levin MC. Antibodies to the RNA-binding protein hnRNP A1 contribute to neurodegeneration in a model of central nervous system autoimmune inflammatory disease. J Neuroinflammation 2016;13(1): 178. PMID: 27391474
  10. Huber AK, Giles DA, Segal BM, Irani DN. An emerging role of eotaxins in neurodegenerative disease. Clin Immunol. 2016; Epub. PMID: 27664933
  11. Segal BM and Giger RJ. Stable biomarker for plastic microglia. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 2016; 113(12):3130-2. PMID: 26966229
  12. Segal BM and Stuve O. Clinical trials in primary progressive multiple sclerosis- why we are failing. The Lancet. 2016;387(10023): 1032-4. PMID: 26827076
  13. Phares TW, DiSano KD, Stohlman SA, Segal BM, Bergmann CC. CXCL13 promotes isotype switched B cell accumulation to the central nervous system during viral encephalomyelitis. Brain Behav Immun 2016;54: 128-39. PMID: 26795429
  14. Grifka-Walk HM and Segal BM. T-bet promotes the accumulation of encephalitogenic Th17 cells in the CNS. J. Neuroimmunol 2016;304: 35-39. PMID: 27242075
  15. Grifka-Walk HM, Giles DA, Segal BM. IL-12 polarized Th1 cells produce GM-CSF and induce EAE independent of IL-23. Eur J Immunol 2015;45(10): 2780-6, PMID: 26220255
  16. Carbajal K, Mironova Y, Ulrich-Lewis J, Kalkarni D, Grifka-Walk H, Huber A, Shrager P, Segal BM. Th Cell Diversity in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis. J Immunol 2015; 195(6):2552-9. PMID: 26238492
  17. Murdock BJ, Bender DE, Segal BM, Feldman EL. The dual roles of immunity in ALS: Injury overrides protection. Neurobiol Dis 2015;77: 1-12. PMID: 25726748
  18. Baldwin KT, Carbajal KS, Giger RJ*, Segal BM*. Neuroinflammation triggered by a beta-glucan/dectin-1 signaling enables CNS regeneration. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 2015;112(8): 2581-6. PMID: 25675510
  19. Rumble JM, Huber AK, Krishnamoorthy G, Srinivasan A, Giles DA, Zhang X, Wang L, Segal BM. Neutrophil-related factors as biomarkers in EAE and MS. J Exp Med 2015;212(1): 23-35. PMID: 25559893
  20. Huber AK, Wang L, Han P, Zhang X, Ekholm S, Srinivasan A, Irani DN, Segal BM. Dysregulation of the IL-23/IL-17 axis and myeloid factors in Secondary Progressive MS. Neurology 2014;83(17): 1500-7. PMID: 25253754 (This article was featured in the Research Highlights section of Nature Reviews Immunology)
  21. Stoolman JS, Duncker PC, Huber AK, Segal BM. Site-specific chemokine expression regulates CNS inflammation and determines clinical phenotype in autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 2014;193(2): 564-70. PMID: 24928987
  22. Segal BM. Stage Specific Immune Dysregulation in Multiple Sclerosis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014;34(8): 633-40. PMID: 25084180.
  23. Grifka-Walk HM, Lalor SJ, Segal BM. Highly polarized Th17 cells induce EAE via a T-bet-independent mechanism. Eur J Immunol 2013;43(11): 2824-31. PMID: 23878008
  24. Lalor SJ, Segal BM. Th1-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is CXCR3 independent. Eur J Immunol 2013;43(11): 2866-74. PMID: 23873018
  25. Sandy AR, Stoolman J, Mallot K, Pangtornpipat P, Segal BM, Maillard I. Notch signaling regulates T cell accumulation and function in the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 2013;191(4): 1606-13. PMID: 23825310
  26. Rainey-Barger EK, Blakely PK, Huber AK, Segal BM, Irani DN. Virus-induced CD8+ T cells accelerate the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: implications for how viral infections might trigger multiple sclerosis exacerbations. J Neuroimmunol 2013;259(1-2): 47-54. PMID: 23602715
  27. Braley T and Segal BM. B-cell targeting agents in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2013;15(3) 259-69. PMID: 23609780
  28. Segal BM. Neurosarcoidosis: Diagnostic Approaches and Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Opin Neurol 2013;26(3): 307-13. PMID: 23571775
  29. Rao P and Segal BM. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Autoimmunity Methods and Protocols, Perl A, Editor. Humana Press Inc. Totowa, NH. 2012. Methods Mol Biol 900: 363-80. PMID: 22933079
  30. Segal BM. The unwavering commitment of regulatory T cells in the suppression of autoimmune encephalomyelitis: Another aspect of immune privilege in the CNS. Eur J Immunol 2012;42(5): 1102-5. PMID: 22539285
  31. Braley TJ, Young HL, Mohan S, Segal BM, Berini S, Srinivasan A. Differences in diffusion tensor imaging derived metrics in the corpus callosum of multiple sclerosis patients without and with gadolinium enhancing cerebral lesions. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2012;36(4): 410-5. PMID: 22805669
  32. Tian W, Zhu T, Zhong J, Liu X, Rao P, Segal BM, Ekholm S. Progressive Decline in Fractional Anisotropy on Serial DTI Examinations of the Corpus Callosum: a Putative Marker of Disease Activity and Progression in SPMS. Neuroradiology 2012;54(4): 287-97. PMID: 21567135
  33. Kroenke MA and Segal BM. IL-23 modulated myelin-specific T cells induce EAE via an IFN-gamma driven, IL-17 independent pathway. Brain Behav Immun 2011;25(5): 932-7. PMID: 20951792
  34. Rainey-Barger EK, Rumble JM, Lalor SJ, Esen N, Segal BM, Irani DN. The lymphoid chemokine, CXCL13, is dispensible for the initial recruitment of B cells to the acutely inflamed central nervous system. Brain Behav Immun 2011;25(5): 922-931. PMID: 20933590
  35. Selewski DT, Shah GV, Segal BM, Rajdev PA, Mukherji SK. Natalizumab (Tysabri). AJNR Am J Neurorad 2010;31(9): 1588-90. PMID: 20688889
  36. Kroenke MA, Chensue SW, Segal BM. EAE mediated by a non-IFN-γ/non-IL-17 pathway. Eur J Immunol, 2010;40(8): 2340-8. PMID: 20540117 (Highlighted in the In This Issue section)
  37. Lalor SJ and Segal BM. Lymphoid chemokines in the CNS. J Neuroimmunol 2010;224(1-2): 56-61. PMID: 20605642
  38. King IL, Kroenke MA, Segal BM. GM-CSF-dependent, CD103+ dermal dendritic cells play a critical role in Th effector cell differentiation after subcutaneous immunization. J Exp Med 2010;207(5): 953-61. PMID: 20421390
  39. Segal BM. Th17 cells in autoimmune demyelinating disease. Semin Immunopathol 2010; 32(1): 71-7. PMID: 20195867
  40. Becher B and Segal BM. Th17 cytokines in autoimmune neuro-inflammation. Curr Opin Immunol 2011;23(6): 707-12. 21907555
  41. Segal BM. Getting to the crux of the matter: IL-23 and Th17 cell accumulation in the CNS. Eur J Immunol 2009;39(7): 1713-5. PMID: 19582738
  42. King IL, Dickendesher TL, Segal BM. Circulating Ly-6C+ myeloid precursors migrate to the CNS and play a pathogenic role during autoimmune demyelinating disease. Blood 2009;113(14): 3190-7. PMID: 19196868
  43. Moravan M and Segal BM. Treatment of CNS sarcoidosis with infliximab and mycophenolate mofetil. Neurology 2009;72(4): 337-40. PMID: 19171830
  44. Segal BM, Constantinescu CS, Raychaudhuri A, Kim L, Fidelus-Gort R, Kasper LH on behalf of the Ustekinumab MS Investigators. Repeated subcutaneous injections of IL12/23 p40 neutralising antibody, ustekinumab, in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, dose-ranging study. Lancet Neurol 2008;7(9): 796-804. PMID: 18703004
  45. Kroenke MA, Carlson TJ, Andjelkovic A, Segal BM. IL-12 and IL-23 modulated T cells induce distinct types of EAE based on histology, CNS chemokine profile, and response to cytokine inhibition. J Exp Med 2008;205(7): 1535-41. PMID: 18573909. (Featured in the Research Highlights section of Nature Reviews Immunology (Volume 8, August 2008) and the Discoveries in Neuroscience section of Annals of Neurology (August 2008).
  46. Carlson T, Kroenke M, Rao P, Lane TE, Segal BM. The Th17-ELR+ CXC chemokine pathway is essential for the development of CNS autoimmune disease. J Exp Med 2008;205(4): 811-23. PMID: 18347102
  47. Segal BM. The role of natural killer cells in curbing neuroinflammation. J Neuroimmunol 2007;191(1-2): 2-7. PMID: 17904646
  48. Deshpande P, King IL, Segal BM. Cutting edge: CNS CD11c+ cells from mice with encephalomyelitis polarize Th17 cells and support CD25+CD4+ T cell-mediated immunosuppression, suggesting dual roles in the disease process. J Immunol 2007;178(11): 6695-9. PMID: 17513712
  49. Kroenke MA and Segal BM. Th17 and Th1 responses directed against the immunizing epitope, as opposed to secondary epitopes, dominate the autoimmune repertoire during relapses of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurosci Res 2007;85(8): 1685-93. PMID: 17465017
  50. Bagaeva LV, Rao P, Powers JM, Segal BM. CXC chemokine ligand 13 plays a role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 2006;176(12): 7676-85. PMID: 16751415
  51. Deshpande P, King IL, Segal BM. IL-12 driven upregulation of P-selectin ligand on myelin-specific T cells is a critical step in an animal model of autoimmune demyelination. J Neuroimmunol 2006;173(1-2): 35-44. PMID: 16413063
  52. King I and Segal BM. Cutting edge: IL-12 induces CD4+CD25– T cell activation in the presence of regulatory T cells. J Immunol 2005;175(2): 641-5. PMID: 16002658
  53. Segal BM and Logigan EL. Sublime diagnosis of Lyme neuroboreliosis. Neurology 2005;65(3): 351-2. PMID: 16087895
  54. Shah S, Divekar AA, Hilchey SP, Cho HM, Newman CL, Shin SU, Nechustan H, Challita-Eid PM, Segal BM, Yi KH, Rosenblatt JD. Increased rejection of primary tumors in mice lacking B cells: Inhibition of anti-tumor CTL and T(H)1 cytokine responses by B cells. Int J Cancer 2005;117(4): 574-86. PMID: 15912532
  55. Segal BM. CNS chemokines, cytokines, and dendritic cells in autoimmune demyelination. J Neurol Sci 2005;228(2): 210-4. PMID: 15694210
  56. Rao P and Segal BM. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Methods Mol Med. 2004;102: 363-75. PMID: 15286395
  57. Bagaeva L, Williams LP, Segal BM. IL-12 dependent/IFNγ independent expression of CCR5 by myelin reactive T cells correlates with encephalitogenicity. J Neuroimmunol 2003;137(1-2): 109-16. PMID: 12667654
  58. Segal BM. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: Cytokines, effector T cells, and antigen-presenting cells in a prototypical Th1-mediated autoimmune disease. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2003;3(1): 86-93. PMID: 12543000
  59. Ichikawa H, Williams LP, Segal BM. Activation of APCs through CD40 or Toll-like receptor 9 overcomes tolerance and precipitates autoimmune disease. J Immunol 2002;169: 2781-7. PMID: 12193753
  60. Segal BM, Glass D, Shevach EM. Cutting Edge: IL-10 producing Tr1 cells mediate tumor rejection. J Immunol 2002;168(1): 1-4. PMID: 11751938
  61. Segal BM, Chang JT, Shevach EM. CpG oligonucleotides are potent adjuvants for the activation of autoreactive encephalitogenic T cells in vivo. J Immunol 2000;164: 5683-8. PMID: 10820244
  62. Chang JT, Segal BM, Shevach EM. The role of costimulation in the induction of the IL-12/IL-12 receptor pathway and the development of autoimmunity. J Immunol 2000;164(1): 100-6. PMID: 10604999
  63. Chang JT, Segal BM, Nakanishi K, Shevach EM. The costimulatory effect of IL-18 on the induction of antigen-specific interferon-γ production by resting T cells is IL-12 dependent and is mediated by upregulation of the IL-12 receptor β2 subunit. Eur J Immunol 2000;30(4): 1113-9. PMID: 10760800
  64. Segal BM and Cross AH. Fas(t) track to apoptosis in MS: TNF receptors may suppress or potentiate CNS demyelination. Neurology, 2000;55(7): 906-7. PMID: 11061241
  65. Chang JT, Shevach EM, Segal BM. Regulation of IL-12 receptor β2 subunit expression by endogenous IL-12: A critical step in the differentiation of pathogenic autoreactive T cells. J Exp Med 1999;189(6): 969-78. PMID: 10075980
  66. Shevach EM, Chang JT, Segal BM. The critical role of IL-12 and the IL-12Rβ2 subunit in the generation of pathogenic autoreactive Th1 cells. Springer Semin Immunopathol 1999;21(3): 249-62. PMID: 10666772
  67. Segal BM and Shevach EM. The straight talk on immune deviation. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1998;88(1): 1-3. PMID: 9683543
  68. Segal BM, Dwyer B, Shevach EM. An IL-12/IL-10 immunoregulatory circuit controls susceptibility to autoimmune disease. J Exp Med 1998;187(4): 537-46. PMID: 9463404
  69. Segal BM, Klinman DM, Shevach EM. Microbial products induce autoimmune disease by an IL-12 dependent pathway. J Immunol (Cutting Edge) 1997;158(11): 5087-90. PMID: 9164922
  70. Segal BM and Shevach EM. IL-12 unmasks latent autoimmune disease in resistant mice. J Exp Med 1996;184(2): 771-5. PMID: 8786337